Your Professional Tin Extraction Supplier
Darnal Group China, founded in 2004, is a leading enterprise in the metallurgy equipment sector, specializing in the design, manufacturing, and installation of advanced equipment for precious metal smelting. As a cooperative partner of Central South University (CSU), we leverage cutting-edge technology to offer comprehensive solutions for metallurgy projects, including copper, zinc, lead, gold, silver, and more. With a team of experts in metallurgy, automation, and environmental protection, we ensure high-quality production from our state-of-the-art facility in Changsha.
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![Tin Refining Pot]()
Tin Refining PotTin Pot (Tin Kettle) for Pyro-RefiningThe tin pot, also known as a tin kettle, is a vital pyro-refining device used to remove impurities from tin (Sn). It is essential for the refining process of tin. -
![Lead Tin Antimony Vacuum Distillation Furnace]()
Lead Tin Antimony Vacuum Distillation FurnaceThe Lead-Tin Recovery Project aims to extract tin metal from lead-tin alloys (Pb-Sn) and lead-tin-antimony alloys (Pb-Sn-Sb), which are byproducts of crude lead refining and lead-acid battery -
![Lead-tin Alloy Treatment Furnace]()
Lead-tin Alloy Treatment FurnaceLead-Tin-Antimony Vacuum Distillation Furnace (Pb-Sn-Sb VDF)The Lead-Tin-Antimony Vacuum Distillation Furnace (Pb-Sn-Sb VDF) is a crucial piece of pyro-metallurgical equipment used to extract tin -
![Tin Concentrate Smelting Furance]()
Tin Concentrate Smelting FuranceTin Concentrate Production Project SolutionThe tin concentrate smelting equipment consists of several essential components, including:Roasting Furnace or Roasting Rotary KilnElectric Arc Furnace or
Why choose us
Expert Metallurgy Design
We offer comprehensive design services for metallurgy projects, providing tailored solutions to meet specific needs in smelting and refining of metals such as gold, silver, copper, and more.
Advanced Equipment Technology
Darnal specializes in high-quality equipment for metal smelting and refining, including vacuum metallurgy systems and traditional smelting furnaces, ensuring efficiency and high-purity metal extraction.
Sales Markets
Our products are sold to several countries including Japan, Russia, Turkey, and Thailand, demonstrating our ability to meet diverse client needs and expand our international reach.
Service Advantages
We provide full installation guidance, operation training, and ongoing maintenance to ensure the long-term performance and reliability of our equipment.
The Lead Tin Antimony Vacuum Distillation Furnace, also known as Sn VDF, is a specialized tool utilized to extract tin from lead-tin (Pb-Sn) alloy. This alloy is a byproduct of the lead battery recycling or lead smelting process. The working mechanism of the Lead Tin Antimony Vacuum Distillation Furnace is similar to that of a petroleum vacuum distillation unit, capitalizing on the different boiling points of metals within a vacuum environment.The Sn VDF is an eco-friendly process that doesn't release any off-gas and doesn't incur metal loss during distillation. Electricity is the fuel source for the Sn VDF. The implementation of this Sn VDF can increase profits for lead smelters and lead acid battery recycling plants.
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Raw material chemical composition* |
Sn |
Sb |
Pb |
As |
Cu |
Ag |
PbO |
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|
55~30% |
1~3% |
70~90% |
0.0069% |
0% |
800~1200PPM |
Unknown |
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Product |
Refined Sn ingot |
1,500 t/a (Sn≥99.9%) |
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|
Crude Pb ingot |
3,500t/a |
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|
Working days per year (day) |
3000 |
|
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|
Annually treatingn capacity (tpa) |
5,000 tons |
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|
Power |
Electricity |
AC 380V 50Hz |
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Advantages of Lead Tin Antimony Vacuum Distillation Furnace
Environmentally Friendly
No chemical reagents are added, and no waste gas or waste liquid is generated. For example, during vacuum distillation, lead and antimony condense in liquid or solid form, reducing waste residue and wastewater emissions by more than 90%.
High Separation Efficiency
By precisely controlling temperature and vacuum, the content of metal impurities can be reduced from ppm to ppb. For example, a high-purity material vacuum distillation furnace can reduce the metal impurity content from 1 ppm to 0.1 ppb.
Simple Operation
Short process flow and high degree of automation. For example, one piece of equipment uses a touch screen + PLC control method, supporting process parameter storage and remote monitoring.
Vertical Pit-Type Vacuum Distillation Furnace
Features a lifting furnace lid and a top-mounted condensation collection device; layered design optimizes collection efficiency. Used for small-scale experiments and exploratory research in crude selenium purification and lead-tin alloy separation.
Internal Heating Multi-Stage Continuous Distillation Furnace
Features a multi-stage tray design; vapor condenses sequentially through perforations between trays, achieving efficient separation. Used for large-scale tin-lead alloy separation; for example, a certain domestic model has a daily processing capacity of 10 tons.
Self-Conductive Heating Vacuum Distillation Furnace
Structural Features: The material itself conducts electricity and generates heat, simplifying the heating system and resulting in lower energy consumption. Used for refining low-tin alloys; suitable for energy-sensitive industrial applications.
Applications of Lead Tin Antimony Vacuum Distillation Furnace
Tin smelting industry
Processing high-antimony crude tin by removing antimony from the process, reducing the consumption of aluminum granules required for refining and impurity removal. For example, one company reduced the antimony content in high-antimony crude tin from 1.1% to 0.01% through vacuum distillation, achieving a direct tin recovery rate of 99.3%.
Electronic waste recycling
Recovering metals such as lead, tin, and antimony from waste circuit boards. Tests show that the copper gasification rate reaches over 92%, and the gold and silver recovery rate exceeds 95%.
Battery industry
Separating lead-antimony alloys to produce recycled lead. For example, after vacuum distillation, the lead purity of the lead-antimony alloy reaches over 99.9%, meeting the requirements for battery production.
Equipment Structure of Lead Tin Antimony Vacuum Distillation Furnace
Vacuum System
A high vacuum environment is achieved through a combination of mechanical and diffusion pumps, with a typical vacuum range of 15 Pa to 6.7 × 10⁻³ Pa. For example, the 301143 vacuum furnace at the Novosibirsk Tin Refinery employs a multi-layered condenser hood design, stabilizing the furnace pressure at 66.7~6.67 Pa to ensure efficient condensation of lead and antimony vapors.
Heating System
Utilizes graphite heating elements or induction heating devices, with a maximum operating temperature of 2000℃. For example, the highest temperature of the melting crucible in a certain model of vacuum distillation furnace is 1800℃, meeting the requirements for lead and antimony evaporation.
Distillation Trays
Multi-stage overlapping trays are used, with the drop holes staggered by 180° to form vapor channels. For example, the vacuum distillation trays designed in the Soviet Union are machined from graphite; crude tin flows in from the top tray, sequentially heating and evaporating lead and bismuth, with pure tin exiting from the bottom.
Condensation and collection system
The internal condenser is placed outside the distillation pan and is very close to it, ensuring that the mean free path of vapor molecules is greater than the distance between the evaporation surface and the condensation surface. For example, the temperature of the condenser in a certain device can be controlled at ≤60℃, and lead and antimony vapors are discharged through the lead outlet pipe after condensing into liquid.
Technical Principles of Lead Tin Antimony Vacuum Distillation Furnace
Thermodynamic Basis
Different metals exhibit significant differences in vapor pressure at the same temperature. For example, in the temperature range of 1073–1473 K, the vapor pressure of pure lead is 2000–8750 times that of pure tin; the boiling point of antimony (1908 K) is higher than that of tin (2586 K) but lower than that of lead (1749 K). By precisely controlling the distillation temperature (typically below the boiling point of tin and above the boiling point of antimony), lead and antimony can be preferentially volatilized, while tin remains in the liquid phase.
Kinetic Model
The evaporation rate is controlled by both temperature and vacuum level. The higher the vacuum level, the greater the mean free path of metal molecules, the easier the diffusion, and the higher the separation efficiency. For example, when the vacuum level is increased from 100 Pa to 10 Pa, the evaporation rate of lead can increase by more than 3 times.
Maintenance and Care
Daily Maintenance
Cleaning: Regularly clean residue from the furnace, condenser, and other parts to prevent blockages or corrosion. For example, after distillation, purge the furnace with inert gas to prevent metal oxidation.
Lubrication: Regularly lubricate moving parts such as vacuum pumps and valves to reduce wear. For example, change the lubricating oil in the vacuum pump every 500 hours.
Regular Inspection
Seal Replacement: Replace vacuum system seals every 6-12 months to ensure sealing performance.
Heating Element Inspection: Check the resistance value of heating elements after each batch of production. Replace them if the deviation exceeds 10%.
Calibration: Calibrate temperature sensors, pressure gauges, and other testing instruments annually to ensure data accuracy.
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